Exosomal proteomics in kidney disease: From technical approaches to clinical applications

Ageng Brahmadhi ^a,b,c, Yung-Kun Chuang ^d,e,f,1, San-Yuan Wang ^g,1,Chih-Chin Kao ^h,i,j,*, I-Lin Tsai ^a,b,g,k,l,**

a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Taiwan

b International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Taiwan

c Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia

d School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

e Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

f Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

g Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

h Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Taiwan

i Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

j Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

k Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

l Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted from cells and have a general diameter ranging from 30e150 nm. It was reported that exosomes have essential roles in intercellular communication and can be targeted as

biomarkers of disease or as therapeutic agents. Among the different techniques used for exosome investigation, the mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach has accelerated the unraveling of the molecular composition of exosomes and

has contributed to improved knowledge of molecular processes in various diseases. In this review, we focused on proteomics-based studies of exosomes and clinical applications in kidney diseases. A general introduction of exosomes,isolation and characterization techniques, and proteomics-based study workflows are included in this article. We also categorized applications in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, congenital kidney disease,and malignant kidney disorder to show the important findings from proteomics-based exosomal investigations.

Keywords: Exosome, Extracellular vesicle, Kidney-related diseases, Mass spectrometry, Proteomics

https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3409

(https://www.jfda-online.com/journal/vol30/iss2/3/)