Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis

Gow-Chin Yen ^a,b, Chiung-Man Tsai ^c,1, Chi-Cheng Lu ^d, Chia-Jui Weng ^e,*

^a Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

^b Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

^c Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan City, Taiwan

^d Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan

^e Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan

From several decades ago to now, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. For health benefits, there is a great desire to use non-chemical therapy such as nutraceutical supplementation to prevent pathology development. Over 10,000 different natural bioactives or phytochemicals have been known that possessing potential preventive or supplementary effects for various diseases including cancer. Previously, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities of phenolic acids, monophenol, polyphenol and their derivatives and flavonoids and their derivatives have been reviewed. However, a vast number of natural dietary compounds other than phenolics have been demonstrated to potentially possess the ability to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the studies in recent decade on in vitro and in vivo effects and molecular mechanisms of natural bioactives, excluding the phenolics in food, in cancer invasion and metastasis. By combining this review of non-phenolics with the previous phenolics reviews, the puzzle for the contribution of natural dietary bioactives on cancer invasive or/ and metastatic progress will be almost complete and more clear.

Keywords: Angiogenesis, Invasion, Metastasis, Natural dietary bioactives