Characterization of metabolite profiles from the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens) by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and screening for their antioxidant properties
Yeon Hee Lee a,b, Bokyeong Kim a, Soyoung Kim a, Min-Sun Kim a, Hyunji Kim a, Seung-Ryul Hwang a, Kyun Kim a, Jin Hwan Lee a,*
a Division of Research Development and Education, National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS), Ministry of
Environment, Daejeon 34111, Republic of Korea
b Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
The objective of this research was to access the determination of metabolite profiles and antioxidant properties in the leaves of green perilla (Perilla frutescens), where these are considered functional and nutraceutical substances in Korea. A total of 25 compositions were confirmed as six phenolic acids, two triterpenoids, eight flavonoids, seven fatty acids, and two glucosides using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOFMS/MS) technique from the methanol extract of this species. The individual and total compositions exhibited significant differences, especially rosmarinic acid (10), and linolenic acids (22 and 23) were detected as the predominant metabolites. Interestingly, rosmarinic acid (10) was observed to have considerable differences with various concentrations in three samples (Doryong, 6.38 mg/g; Sinseong, 317.60 mg/g; Bongmyeong, 903.53 mg/g) by UPLC analysis at 330 nm. The scavenging properties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)
radicals also showed potent effects with remarkable differences at a concentration of 100 mg/mL, and their abilities were as follows: Sinseong (DPPH, 86%; ABTS, 90%) > Bongmyeong (71% and 84%, respectively) > Doryong (63% and 73%, respectively). Our results suggest that the antioxidant activities of green perilla leaves are correlated with metabolite contents, especially the five major compositions 10 and 22e25. Moreover, this study may be useful in evaluating the relationship between metabolite composition and antioxidant activity.
Keywords: antioxidant activity, green perilla leaves, metabolite, rosmarinic acid, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS