Electron spin resonance spectroscopy for the study of nanomaterial-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species

Weiwei He a,b, Yitong Liu b, Wayne G. Wamerb, Jun-Jie Yin b,*

a Key Laboratory of MicroeNano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface
Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan, China
b Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Many of the biological applications and effects of nanomaterials are attributed to their ability to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a direct and reliable method to identify and quantify free radicals in both chemical and biological environments. In this review, we discuss the use of ESR spectroscopy to study ROS generation mediated by nanomaterials, which have various applications in biological, chemical, and materials science. In addition to introducing the theory of ESR, we present some modifications of the method such as spin trapping and spin labeling, which ultimately aid in the detection of short-lived free radicals. The capability of metal nanoparticles in mediating ROS generation and the related mechanisms are also presented.

Keywords: Electron spin resonance, Lipid peroxidation, Nanomaterials, Reactive oxygen species